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                <text>A very potent image associating the revolutionary war with an attack on tyrants. Contemporaries would have understood the target, "tyrants," to be the monarchs.</text>
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                <text>U.S. &lt;i&gt;Declaration of Independence&lt;/i&gt;.</text>
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              <text>A papal proclamation of 1713 solicited by Louis XIV, which condemned many of the central ideas of the Jansenists. It touched off a serious conflict between the judges of the parlements who resented the interference of the pope, preferring to assert “Gallican liberties,” meaning that the French church did not have to submit to papal requirements. By adopting the Jansenist cause, the judges set the stage for a century-long conflict with the royal and ecclesiastical hierarchy.</text>
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                <text>Cornell 4611, Box 177, #7</text>
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                <text>Toned down and transformed from her revolutionary past, the Statue stands for liberty, even without a pike and a Phrygian cap. Furthermore, the Statue, a gift from France and a marvel of engineering, still connotes revolution because of the identification between France and revolutionary notions.</text>
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                <text>United States of America––New York––Solemn Inauguration of the Statue of Liberty</text>
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                <text>Uprising against the Girondins begins when &lt;i&gt;sans–culottes&lt;/i&gt; demonstrate against the Girondin faction in the National Convention.</text>
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                <text>Uprising of Prairial (to May 23): Riots in the sections of Paris. The Convention is also invaded by demonstrators calling for bread and the enforcement of the &lt;i&gt;Constitution of 1793&lt;/i&gt;. The army puts down these insurrections.</text>
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                <text>Uprising of Vendémiaire: Napoleon is instrumental in putting down a royalist revolt in Paris.</text>
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              <text>Avant-garde des femmes allant à Versaille</text>
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                <text>Publicity about political machinations, coupled with the continued high price of bread, mobilized market women and encouraged many men to support them. They hoped to fetch the King and his family to end attempts against the Revolution and stabilize prices. This action was so threatening to the middle class elite that Lafayette, head of the Parisian National Guard, tried first to dissuade the marchers and then belatedly followed them to try to control the situation.</text>
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                <text>Public Domain</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>French</text>
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                <text>Vanguard of Women going to Versailles</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/539/|Michel Hennin. &lt;em&gt;Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France&lt;/em&gt;. Tome 119, Pièces 10386-10489, période : 1789</text>
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              <text>Ownership and heritability of an office. Sold by the state to raise money, these offices, mostly in the judicial apparatus and the administration, were retained in exchange for an annual tax of one-sixtieth of the value (the Paulette). These offices provided access to power and opportunities for profit. The more important offices, and thus the most expensive, also conferred personal noble status on the holder that became hereditary, generally after three generations. Through venality of office many bourgeoisie could hope for eventual noble status, which provided an important avenue of social mobility; yet as a governmental system it was inefficient because it made it very difficult to administer government policy consistently. Venal officeholders, treating their posts as property, could better resist general directives.</text>
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