37 10 1079 https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/042637d4456d4f3efb1b44d8c8bc60f9.jpg 241bcffd869c58249fac63138818fbec Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Engraving Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 32.5 x 25 cm Title (French) The image's title, in French. L'Egalité Sortable Date 1793-00-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bibliothèque Nationale de France Description An account of the resource At the beginning of the Revolution, the term "equality" meant an end to the legal differences that had characterized the Old Regime. For example, all individuals would be subject to the same regimen of taxation. Over the course of the decade, however, the Revolution radicalized, and equality expanded to encompass an end to many other sorts of differences, particularly economic ones. Although equality is here represented as a woman, the revolutionaries were capable of using males, particularly Hercules. But this powerful symbol frightened many, especially from the educated elite, and the female "Equality" seemed far less terrifying. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jean Baptiste Gautier (engraver) Louis-Simon Boizot (designer) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource French Title A name given to the resource Equality Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/3/|Collection Michel Hennin. Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France. Tome 136, Pièces 11948-12048, période : 1794 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1793-1794 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 3 Clubs Economic Conditions Enlightenment Image Monarchy Nobility Popular Politics Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Sortable Date 1800-00-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Martyn Lyons, Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution (London, Macmillan, 1994), p. 70. Description An account of the resource Naming his brother Lucien to the key post of minister of the interior, Bonaparte quickly moved to establish his political control over the country. He set up “prefects” for every administrative region known as a department; these appointees had final say in such important matters as finances, politics, and the conscription of troops. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 503 Title A name given to the resource Establishing a New Administrative Order (1800–1801) Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/503/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1800 Napoleon Bonaparte Provinces Text Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document An old regime representative body that last met in 1614, which grouped together the three orders or estates of the kingdom: clergy, nobility, and everybody else. This “Third Estate” made up 95 percent of the population. Each order had one vote. The powers of the body were vague, but contemporaries believed they had the right to deny new tax appropriations. When the monarchy’s fiscal problems left it with almost no other choices, Louis XVI called for the convening of the Estates-General in May 1789. He also asked that each order meet at the parish level and draw up cahiers [notebooks] that would express their grievances. This request to consult public opinion and the protracted electoral process were crucial to politicization. At the same time, as the parlements inveighed for the “forms of 1614,” the Third Estate would always be outvoted by the two privileged orders that paid few taxes. Reformers called for both the “doubling of the third,” meaning that this group would comprise half the assembly and for “voting by head.” The King granted the former but not the latter, which deadlocked the Estates-General in May and June until a group of deputies declared themselves the “National Assembly” on 17 June 1789, in the belief that this was where sovereignty truly lay. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1087 Title A name given to the resource Estates-General Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/1087/ Glossary Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Sortable Date 1787-04-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 848 Title A name given to the resource Etienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne replaces Calonne as Controller–General of Finances. Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/848/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 1787 Timeline Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Gentlemen, you have admitted my sex to this patriotic club The Friends of Truth [the club associated with the Cercle social]; this is a first step toward justice. The august representatives of this happy nation have just applauded the intrepid courage of the Amazons [armed women who hoped to join the army] in one of your departments and have permitted them to raise a corps for the defense of the nation. This is a first shock to the prejudices in which our existence has been enveloped; it is a violent stroke against the despotism that has proved the most difficult to uproot. Do not be just by halves, Gentlemen; . . . justice must be the first virtue of free men, and justice demands that the laws be the same for all beings, like the air and the sun. And yet everywhere, the laws favor men at the expense of women, because everywhere power is in your hands. What! Will free men, an enlightened people living in a century of enlightenment and philosophy, will they consecrate what has been the abuse of power in a century of ignorance? . . . The prejudices with which our sex has been surrounded—supported by unjust laws which only accord us a secondary existence in society and which often force us into the humiliating necessity of winning over the cantankerous and ferocious character of a man, who, by the greed of those close to us has become our master—those prejudices have changed what was for us the sweetest and the most saintly of duties, those of wife and mother, into a painful and terrible slavery. . . . Well! What could be more unjust! Our life, our liberty, our fortune are no longer ours; leaving childhood, turned over to a despot whom often the heart finds repulsive, the most beautiful days of our life slip away in moans and tears, while our fortune becomes prey to fraud and debauchery. . . . Oh! Gentlemen, if you wish us to be enthusiastic about the happy constitution that gives back men their rights, then begin by being just toward us. From now on we should be your voluntary companions and not your slaves. Let us merit your attachment! Do you believe that the desire for success is less becoming to us, that a good name is less dear to us than to you? And if devotion to study, if patriotic zeal, if virtue itself, which rests so often on love of glory, is as natural to us as to you, why do we not receive the same education and the same means to acquire them? I will not speak, Gentlemen, of those iniquitous men who pretend that nothing can exempt us from an eternal subordination. Is this not an absurdity just like those told to the French on 15 July 1789: "Leave there your just demands; you are born for slavery; nothing can exempt you from eternally obeying an arbitrary will." Sortable Date 1790-12-30 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The materials listed below appeared originally in The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief Documentary History, translated, edited, and with an introduction by Lynn Hunt (Bedford/St. Martin's: Boston/New York), 1996, 122–23. Description An account of the resource Like many female activists, the Dutch woman Etta Palm D’Aelders did not explicitly articulate a program for equal political rights for women, though that would no doubt have been her ultimate aim. Instead she worked to bring about a change in morals and customs that would in turn foster a more egalitarian atmosphere for women. She gave this address at a meeting of the Confederation of the Friends of Truth, the first political club to admit women as full members. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 476 Title A name given to the resource Etta Palm D’Aelders, "Discourse on the Injustice of the Laws in Favor of Men, at the Expense of Women" (30 December 1790) Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/476/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 30, 1790 Laws Public Opinion Text Women https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/e02dada132ef183b4568d12515db6680.jpg 5e3477574bb80577368bd6f1750b3d49 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 425 Title A name given to the resource Europe 1789 Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/425/ Map The Terror War https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/5ebbd155647e9e8222fd6b34087342fe.jpg cb35f176b1f3f469597c318752a23c1c https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/3de57deaa3856e674cc970b59dba6ef5.jpg 0c97b880038a1910a34f533ac4b8bf73 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 427 Title A name given to the resource Europe 1812 Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/427/ Map Provinces War https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/3ca22ed79ee11d346ad3792bf9dd1019.jpg 62eaf5696d767b4be837dbb4ef702118 https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/5f63dc23b4a73aba3dfcb50d928aee0d.jpg 96c191304e8198ef3b8c4a5290a89213 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 437 Title A name given to the resource Europe 1815 Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/437/ Map War Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Citizens, the dangers you are facing are only too certain: nearly 300,000 men are ready to lay siege to your frontiers; you lack gunpowder, arms, and, above all, unity! Your ministers are being forced from office, but what does that matter if they are only replaced by others equally corrupt? What does that matter when the specter of war threatens to burn all your cities and if the land is burned out from under your feet by monsters who have sworn to defeat you, to take at one stroke your fortunes, your hopes, your constitution, and your liberty! The sections, I know, call not only for the ministers to be sacked but that they be judged as criminals for treason! This is being done, but the sections must not limit themselves just to this. They must also become concerned with our external affairs and with interior affairs relative to the capital. Have no doubt, it is Paris, capital of the Revolution, brilliant theater of liberty, that the innumerable armies of all the despots of Europe will burn. The sections must therefore reform the National Guard, pulverize the existing officer corps, and submit all commissioned and noncommissioned officers to new elections, thereby relighting the patriotic torch which all your hearts embraced the day the Bastille fell. . . . Look how provincial patriots, tired of having the National Assembly ignore their pleas for arms . . . resolved to take matters into their own hands. The government of the Department of the Bouches-du-Rhône and nearby districts have summoned the heads of the aristocratic horde to declare what they propose to do with the large number of foreigners and fanatical enemies of the Revolution they have enrolled, with the large number of arms they have amassed and . . . above all, to end their preparations for civil war. Not satisfied with the response they received, they decided to go farther and to begin to undo the counterrevolution which has formed in the south of France. The 15th of this month, every active citizen of the city of Cavaillon . . . threw off the yoke of their tyrants [the papal enclave around Avignon]. . . . As we are finishing writing this article, we learn that the siege of Carpentras has begun and that the Avignonnais patriots have sworn to destroy the local aristocracy and to take control by themselves of the enormous amount of munitions stored there. . . . The generals, the officers of the army are showing themselves to be inflexible; the uprisings of what they call la canaille [the rabble] do not interest their great Spirit. Sortable Date 1790-11-28 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived L'Orateur du peuple, vol. 3, no. 13 (28 November 1790), 97–104. Description An account of the resource One of the targets of the left was the officer corps. Recruited from the aristocracy, the military leadership was, of course, suspect. When early battles went poorly, suspicion, justifiable or not, only mounted. Such circumstances led to even more emigration by officers, generating an upward spiral of mutual hostility. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 496 Title A name given to the resource Ex–Nobles Targeted in the Press—Military Nobility Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/496/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 28, 1790 Nobility Public Opinion Text https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/4095da91a938530407034825cf041d5b.jpg 9b9537b831e18b9e781f5e3ddd5d9407 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Sortable Date 1789-00-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Menil Collection (Houston, Texas), 83-110DJ. Description An account of the resource This reproduction of a painting by George Morland (1789) has lurid colors and shows the sale of a slave. The artist suggests that friends or relatives are being separated, as one of the slaves is being forcibly restrained as the other slave is being ushered into a boat. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 228 Title A name given to the resource Execrable Human Traffick, or The Affectionate Slaves Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/228/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1789 Image Nobility Public Opinion