54 10 1079 https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/6057e6b4a6c12fb260ab82ee7d546b99.jpg d94e9f222d55dc12c7635eb1657d9a42 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Engraving Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 55 x 35.5 cm Title (French) The image's title, in French. Le Gargantua du siecle ou l'Oracle de la dive bouteille Sortable Date 1790-00-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bibliothèque Nationale de France Description An account of the resource The arrest of the King prompted an outpouring of sentiment against Louis. Like his grandfather, Louis XV, whose early reputation as "Louis the Well–Loved" faded by the end of his long reign, Louis XVI now became the focus for all sorts of discontents. This image depicting Louis as incapable of governing himself, let alone France, reveals the depth of the scorn expressed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource None Identified Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource French Title A name given to the resource Louis as a Drinker Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/47/|Michel Hennin. Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France. Tome 126, Pièces 11060-11148, période : 1791-1792|de Vinck. Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870. Vol. 19 (pièces 3107-3418), Ancien Régime et Révolution Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1790-1792 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 47 Image Monarchy https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/6ffb9a7afbf97d8c685b2b99bf31e308.jpg 4e2f1e78f4ce86e4659da6056029fcf3 https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/b69e927b72809b7ec0516211a6b160c6.jpg 4ff338ab0ff1651e1d25cf09a0a57965 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Engraving Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 24 x 17.5cm Title (English) The image's title, in English. The New Covenant of Louis XVI Title (French) The image's title, in French. Nouveau Pacte de Louis XVI Caption The image's caption. Avec le Peuple le 20 Juin 1792, l'An 4.me de la liberté Sortable Date 1792-00-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bibliothèque Nationale de France Description An account of the resource This image of Louis, already altered by commoner attire and a Phrygian cap, added a raised bottle. This transformation could scarcely have been anticipated even a year or two into the Revolution. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource None Identified Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource French Title A name given to the resource Louis as a Drunkard Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/466/|Michel Hennin. Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France. Tome 127, Pièces 11149-11230, période : 1792 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1792 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 466 Image Monarchy https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/a30a551fe919119b70638990b5f67040.jpg 1931a70bf13e778cb6d414fc6c04b31f Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived mfr 84.215 Description An account of the resource Part of the revolutionary undermining of the monarchy becomes evident in this profile of Louis XVI, shown here without his wig or finery. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 59 Title A name given to the resource Louis as No More Than a Man Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/59/ Image Monarchy https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/c26fc8865a64b6055f3220ef121ac6e8.jpg 5c60168ff530a9d680c0ee81207c9480 https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/e48b1a43282b2168b6cd6ae1a655dc3e.jpg 616cc461a6fa04af28e8fad3780931c5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Engraving Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 14.5 x 12.5 cm Title (English) The image's title, in English. Louis XVI as a Pig Title (French) The image's title, in French. Visage de Louis 16 sur un corps de porc Sortable Date 1791-00-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bibliothèque Nationale de France Description An account of the resource The Queen, never popular to begin with in France, also bore the brunt of popular anger in 1792, as seen in these images of the King, the Queen, and elsewhere the entire royal family, as animals. One wonders if this dehumanizing of the King and Queen might explain why they became such lightning rods for criticism and, moreover, why the entire royal family would eventually be excluded from any protection under law, at the very moment that a constitution ensuring the rights of all people was being put into effect. Subject The topic of the resource Louis XVI Pig Symbol Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Villeneuve Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource French Title A name given to the resource Louis as Pig Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/38/|Michel Hennin. Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France. Tome 129, Pièces 11308-11394, période : 1792 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1791 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 38 Image Monarchy https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/81a37ab471dbe9ceae4401e5205a5a67.jpg 4a0956901a66cfcb4d7ba86370e954dc Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cornell 4606.15.J15; 4606.15.J21 Description An account of the resource What links the many scenes we have of the King and his family is the modern sensibility on display in all of them. Of course, since dates are uncertain, we must assume that several images hail from the nineteenth century. Yet all confirm the sentimentality that the twentieth century so embraces. Interestingly, this may have been quite accurate, even though this sentimentality had not been as prevalent under Louis XIV in the seventeenth century, especially in court circles. But through the entire eighteenth century, affection had insinuated itself increasingly in relations between husband and wife and parents and children. Of course, the particular situation depicted here encouraged these feelings, but the royal family would not have been a stranger to such customs. That Louis most likely genuinely loved and was devoted to his wife was certainly not typical of his Bourbon ancestors Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 468 Title A name given to the resource Louis Leaves His Family Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/468/ Counterrevolution Image Monarchy https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/31ceeeb93780364380288dc4e68d396f.jpg 5a932688697ec37eb8af488376a2b4f8 https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/924d953a8c8aba3377fc2c3a66f663ac.jpg c878b7dc8bf48f1a21bfaa53bfd2f068 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Engraving Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 16 x 23.5cm Title (English) The image's title, in English. The Two Belong Together Title (French) The image's title, in French. Les Deux font la paire Sortable Date 1791-00-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bibliothèque Nationale de France Description An account of the resource Equestrian skills were expected of a monarch. But portraying the King mounted on a pig was most unflattering. Linking royalty to animals was a theme that emerged after the flight to Varennes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource None Identified Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource French Title A name given to the resource Louis Rides a Pig Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/77/|Collection de Vinck. Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870. Vol. 23 (pièces 3894-4078), Ancien Régime et Révolution Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1791 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 77 Image Monarchy https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/54276177fbee49a13bd2ec51aedfc4d1.jpg 315dfbc615d34e174b2151fd9374688d Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Engraving Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 20.2 x 16.6 cm Title (French) The image's title, in French. Louis XVI, à mi-corps, de trois quarts à gauche (type de Boze), dans un ovale sous lequel on lit : "Louis seize Roi de France et de Navarre" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bibliothèque Nationale de France Description An account of the resource This portrait demonstrates Louis at the height of his power and authority on the eve of the Revolution. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource None Identified Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource French Title A name given to the resource Louis the Sixteenth, King of France and of Navarre Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/140/|Collection de Vinck. Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870. Vol. 4 (pièces 488-708), Ancien Régime et Révolution Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 140 Image Monarchy Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Louis, by the grace of God, King of France and of Navarre: to allpresent and all to come, greeting. The systematic approach, asuncertain in its principles as it is bold in its undertakings andwhile causing grave damage to religion and morals, did not follow thedecisions of several of our judicial courts. We have seen themsuccessively give rise to new ideas and advance principles which, atany other time and from any other body, would have been condemned asupsetting to the public order.We have seen them resort several times to interruptions andstoppages of service, causing our subjects to suffer from delays inthe justice for which we are responsible. They hoped that theseproblems, to which our affection for our peoples makes us verysensitive, would force us to yield.On other occasions they have handed in their combined resignationsand, in a singular contradiction, they have disputed our right toaccept these resignations.Finally, they formed a confederation amongst themselves.They believed that they formed but a single body and a singleparlement, divided among several classes and spread among thevarious parts of our kingdom.This innovation, first conceived and later dropped by our Parlement of Paris when it seemed useful to do so, still persists in our other parlements. It recurs in their decrees and verdicts which contain terms such as 'classes,' 'unity,' or 'indivisibility.' It is as if our courts forgot that several of them exist in provinces that were not part of our kingdom, but belong to us personally. Or it is as if they forgot that the establishment of each parlement took place on a different date, and that our predecessors, in creating them, formed them independently of each other and created no precedent for relations amongst them. They gave limits to each that we or our successors can extend or limit when the interests of our peoples demand it, and beyond these limits their decrees can only be executed by our orders. . . .One of the most pernicious effects of this system is to persuade our parlements that their deliberations become more weighty, and already several of them, thinking that they have become more powerful and independent, have laid down some maxims heretofore unknown. They have called themselves the representatives of the nation, the indispensable interpreters of the king’s public will, the watchmen over the government’s administration and the settlement of the sovereignty’s debts. And soon, by not granting any validity to our laws until these laws have been adopted and sanctioned in free deliberation, they will raise their authority as high as our own, or and even above it. Our legislative power will thereby be reduced to the simple function of proposing our desires to them, while they reserve the right to prevent them from being carried out. . . .We owe it to the good of our subjects and to the interests of themagistracy itself, even more than to the interest of our royal power,to halt the development of these dangerous innovations. However,before prohibiting them by our edict, we wish to remind our courts ofthe principles from which they must never deviate.God alone has granted us our crown. The right to make the laws bywhich our subjects must be guided and governed belongs to us alone,without subordination or division. We direct these laws to ourcourts, which shall examine them, discuss them, and see that they areexecuted. . . .Article I:We prohibit our parlements from employing the terms 'unity,' 'indivisibility,' 'classes' or other synonyms which signify and express that together they constitute but one and the same parlement, divided into several classes.We forbid them to send to our other parlements, except inthe cases allowed for by our ordinances, any documents, titles,proceedings, memoranda, remonstrances, orders, or decrees relative tocases to be tried before them either by our orders or as a normalconsequence of their jurisdiction.As also we forbid them to depose in their records or to deliberate on the documents, titles, proceedings, memoranda, remonstrances, orders, or decrees drawn up or handed down by other parlements, and order them to send to us all such documents. . .all upon the risk of loss or suspension of their offices.Article II:We desire that, in accordance with the ordinances and in our name, the officers of our courts dispense to our subjects the justice we owe them, and that they do this without any other interruptions besides those authorized by these same ordinances. Consequently, we forbid them to cease their services, either as a result of their own deliberations or by interrupting these services due to all chambers assembling together during the session. This except in cases of absolute necessity, recognized as such by the first president with whom we shall consult. . .and this upon risk of loss and suspension of their offices.We prohibit them, under the same penalties, from tending theirresignations, either combined or in unison, or as a result of acommon deliberation or oath. . . .When we have listened as often as we deem necessary to understandand judge their comments, we shall persevere in our will and shallhave registered, in our presence or in the presence of the bearers ofour orders, said edicts, declarations, or tax letters. And we forbidthem to make any orders or pass any decrees that might tend toprevent, impede, or delay the execution of said edicts.Similarly, we prohibit any person who shall have presided over thesessions, the officer who brought said edicts for registry, of anyothers, from signing any record of such orders or decrees. Weprohibit all recorders, clerks, or other officials from drawing upand authorizing any copying or engrossment of such decrees. Weprohibit all bailiffs, sergeants, or mounted police who might be soordered to proclaim or execute such decrees. All of this is upon riskof loss or suspension of their offices, and of being prosecuted andpunished for the disobedience of our orders. Sortable Date 1770-00-00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Jules Flammermont, Le Chancelier Maupeou et les parlements (Paris: Alphonse Picard, 1883), 116–20. Description An account of the resource The extended legal confrontation between the Parlement of Brittany and Louis XV lasted from 1765 to 1770 over the right of the central administration to govern directly in a province that had always had substantial autonomy. Supported by the other regional Parlements and by many commentators in the contemporary press, the judges defended their predominance in local matters and by implication, the distinct privileges, or "liberties," of each region of France. Louis XV responded by invoking absolutist doctrine, but the deterioration of relations with the Parlements convinced Louis XV that he had to act decisively. In 1770 a new set of ministers, led by the "triumvirate" of Chancellor Maupeou, the Abbé Terray as finance minister, and the Duke d’Aguillon as foreign minister, set out to reform the royal government by gaining even more power for the King’s hand–picked ministers, over the objections of the Parlements that such centralization would violate the "liberties" of the "nation" to participate, indirectly, in the government through the Parlements and regional Estates. This document excerpts the Parlements’ "last chance" in the sense that when the magistrates ignored these commands, Louis XV—frustrated by this continual opposition to his decrees—later dissolved all twelve Parlements by "exiling" the magistrates and selecting new ones for each court. The crisis came to an end four years later when Louis XV died suddenly of smallpox and his successor, Louis XVI, recalled the magistrates to their seats, setting off a new round of protest. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 350 Title A name given to the resource Louis XV Asks the Parlements to Desist (1770) Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/350/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1770 Laws Monarchy Text https://revolution.chnm.org/files/original/d4ff383895c05532f7a80b174dd2b3ab.jpg c7e1e5c9eb009078dc70f94682491819 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cornell 4606, Box 15 Description An account of the resource Here was the "body politic" of the old regime. Theoretically, France existed only as an entity in the body of the King. The citizens were his subjects; the geographical parts linked together only through the monarch. Robed and wigged, he was an emblem of a centuries–old regime. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 175 Title A name given to the resource Louis XVI Relation A related resource http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/175/ Image Monarchy Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Sortable Date 1791-09-14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 786 Title A name given to the resource Louis XVI accepts the constitution. Relation A related resource https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/786/ Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 14, 1791 Timeline