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              <text>Triomphe de Napoléon</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Bibliothèque Nationale de France&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Napoleon encouraged comparisons to the Roman republic. The French adoption of the term "Consul" was a clear reference to the Roman Republic, for that was the name given the men chosen to direct the republican government in Roman times.</text>
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                <text>Triumph of Napoleon, First Consul</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/196/|Collection Michel Hennin. &lt;em&gt;Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France&lt;/em&gt;. Tome 145, Pièces 12697-12778, période : 1801</text>
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              <text>La France reconnaissante proclame Napoléon 1.er empereur des Français</text>
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                <text>In this engraving, Roman and contemporary themes are combined to glorify the new emperor. The absence of any clear representation of revolutionary liberty shows Napoleon moving away from the events of the preceding decade.</text>
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                <text>A Grateful France Proclaims Napoleon the First Emperor of the French</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/197/|&lt;span&gt;Collection Michel Hennin. &lt;em&gt;Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France&lt;/em&gt;. Tome 147, Pièces 12867-12973, période : 1804&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Cornell 4606.18.J42</text>
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                <text>The treaty in the spring of 1814 had accepted Napoleon’s surrender, but a general meeting of European countries convened to settle broader issues of a postrevolutionary era. While the allies were working on a number of concerns—and as a byproduct, raising French anxieties—Napoleon returned to capitalize on this negative reaction. Within three months he was defeated yet again, and this meeting—the Congress of Vienna—set a framework more hostile to France than before, which endured to a significant degree until midcentury and beyond.</text>
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              <text>Napoleons Tod</text>
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                <text>Even in death Napoleon was controversial. Many questions surrounded his death: Was he poisoned? His hair had high levels of arsenic in it. Did he have stomach cancer? He certainly had stomach ulcers and suffered from severe intestinal pain and frequent vomiting.</text>
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                <text>The Death of Napoleon on St. Helena</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/202/|Collection de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 80 (pièces 10273-10391 d), Restauration et Cent-Jours</text>
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                <text>Napoleon cultivated the intense personal loyalty of his troops with engravings like this one, which suggests a personal interest in the ordinary soldier.</text>
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                <text>Sire, They Are My Sons and My Wife</text>
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                <text>Even today, this statue of Lafayette graces the streets of a provincial town.</text>
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              <text>La Nation française assistée de Mr de la Fayette terrasse le despotisme et les abus du regne feodal qui terrassaient le peuple</text>
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                <text>During the Revolution the most visible connection between America and France was Lafayette, who had volunteered for service in the American Revolution and had been mentored by Washington and Jefferson. This special status vaulted him to prominence in 1789 as he became a delegate in the Estates–General, head of the National Guard, and a general in the military. In a way, his background undid him as his attachment to relatively moderate forms of American liberty isolated him as the Revolution became radicalized. Increasingly alienated, he was forced out of his general’s command, and he fled to avoid arrest. After Napoleon came to power, Lafayette returned to France, where he defended his ideals of moderate revolution until his death in 1832, at the age of sixty–five. This print commemorates the gift of a sword presented by the Parisian guard after Lafayette resigned this post in October, 1791.</text>
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                <text>Mr. de Lafayette, Commander of the Paris National Guard, Receives the City’s 'Sword for the Defense of Liberty'</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/206/|Collection de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 11 (pièces 1763-1933), Ancien Régime et Révolution</text>
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                <text>Early in the Revolution, LaFayette was among the most visible and popular leaders, in part because of his participation in the American revolution and his relationship to George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and others. Further, though noble, he had been sympathetic to the Third Estate. By entwining Louis and LaFayette, this image seeks to legitimize the commander’s authority, but also to give the King more solid revolutionary credentials. It is interesting here that the King appears without the liberty cap and in his old regime finery, with only LaFayette to prove Louis was committed to things revolutionary.</text>
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                <text>Washington had taken a special interest in Lafayette.</text>
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