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              <text>Prise de la Bastille</text>
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              <text>Taking of the Bastille</text>
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              <text>Cette forteresse qui avait su résister au Grand Condé, fut attaquée le 14 juillet 1789 et emportée en moins de 4 heures ; le succès fut dû à la bravoure des Citoyens réunis aux Gardes Françaises. Ce fort, commencé en 1368 sous les ordres de Hugues Aubriot, Prévôt de Paris, qui en fut lui même la 1ère victime, fut entièrement achevé sous le règne de Charles VI, vers l’an 1383. Il a existé 520 [ans] et à peine faudra-t-il 6 mois pour son entière démolition. A Paris chez J. Chereau Rue St Jacques près la Fontaine St Séverin n°257. Column on the left (reference to numbers on the image): 1.Mr de Launay, Gouverneur 2. Mr Harné, Grenadier au Gardes Françaises, natif de Dole en Franche-Comté 3. Mr Humbert, Horloger, natif de Langres Column on the right: 4. Pavillon blanc 5. Maison de Mr de Launay 6. Les Cuisines 7. Premier Pont-levis 8. Grand Pont-levis</text>
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              <text>This fortress, which had been able to resist the Grand Condé, was attacked on July 14, 1789, and was overwhelmed in less than four hours; the success was due to the bravura of the citizens linked together as French Guards. The fort begun in 1368 under the orders of Hugues Aubriot, Prévôt of Paris, who was himself the first victim, was completed under the reign of Charles VI toward the year of 1383. It had existed 520 [years] and scarcely six months was necessary for its entire demolition. . . .</text>
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              <text>Etching and colored wash</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Bibliothèque Nationale de France&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>The "bravery of the citizens united against" the royal army, as the text suggests, enabled them to conquer in four hours a fortress that had defeated invasions since 1368.</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/9/|&lt;span&gt;Collection Michel Hennin. &lt;em&gt;Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France&lt;/em&gt;. Tome 118, Pièces 10278-10385, période : 1789&lt;/span&gt;|&lt;span&gt;Collection de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 10 (pièces 1571-1762), Ancien Régime et Révolution&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>Bonaparte Premier Consul Remettant l'Epée dans le Fourreau après la Paix Générale</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Bibliothèque Nationale de France&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>The engraving celebrates the peace treaties of 1801 and 1802. The lack of perspective in this image reflects the vision that Napoleon wanted the French to have when they thought about his actions. Making peace proved to be one of Napoleon’s more popular decisions.</text>
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                <text>Alexis Chataignier</text>
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                <text>Bonaparte, First Consul, Putting Away His Sword after the General Peace</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/10/|&lt;span&gt;Collection de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 55 (pièces 7506-7590), Directoire, Consulat et Empire&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>La Mort de Robespierre</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Bibliothèque Nationale de France&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>This engraving, based on a color portrait by Beys, depicts the death of Robespierre on the guillotine. The executioners wear not the traditional hangman’s hood but red bonnets representing liberty. This judgment notes Robespierre’s failure to the Revolution itself. Contemporaries emphasized that Robespierre’s punishment was just because it was the same to which "he had condemned so many thousands of innocent victims."</text>
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                <text>Giacomo Aliprandi (engraver)</text>
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                <text>The Death of Robespierre</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/11/|&lt;span&gt;Collection de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 48 (pièces 6461-6583), Ancien Régime et Révolution&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <name>Title (French)</name>
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              <text>A Versailles, à Versailles le 5 Octobre 1789</text>
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                <text>The women who arrived, though lightly armed, were no shrinking violets. They insisted that the royal family return to Paris where, in fact, they would find themselves under virtual house arrest.</text>
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                <text>To Versailles, To Versailles!</text>
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              <text>Le Meâ Culpâ du Pape</text>
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                <text>Although the revolutionaries long regarded the Pope as an enemy, their anger was stoked significantly by the papal decision to decree as unacceptable the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. This decision, hardly unexpected given the way that the revolutionary settlement upended church tradition and papal authority, apparently weighed heavily on Louis XVI. Some scholars believe it was this decision in Rome that turned the King down the path of no compromise.</text>
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          <description>The image's title, in French.</description>
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              <text>La Fontaine de la Régénération</text>
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          <description>The image's caption.</description>
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              <text>Sur les débris de la Bastille, le 10 août 1793</text>
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                <text>In this engraving of the Festival of Reunion or Unity of 10 August 1793, a female statue of Nature in the form of the Egyptian goddess Isis represents the regeneration of the French people. It sits on the site of the Bastille prison, whose fall signaled the beginning of the Revolution. The engraving depicts the statue as made of stone, but in fact it was hastily constructed of papier mache. This engraving was printed in 1797 as part of a series of commemorative prints of events of the revolution.</text>
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                <text>The Fountain of Regeneration</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9853">
                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/14/|&lt;span&gt;Collection Michel Hennin. &lt;em&gt;Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France&lt;/em&gt;. Tome 132, Pièces 11587-11673, période : 1793&lt;/span&gt;|&lt;span&gt;Collection de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 10 (pièces 1571-1762), Ancien Régime et Révolution&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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        <name>Image</name>
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        <name>Women</name>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
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          <name>Title (French)</name>
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              <text>Explication</text>
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          <description/>
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                <text>This color drawing, produced in 1793 at the request of the Committee of Public Safety and then published as an engraving, caricatures the British army and its king, George III, as incompetent, who, despite fine uniforms, cannot defeat shoddily clad, yet energetic &lt;em&gt;sans–culottes&lt;/em&gt; (on the left), who humiliate the British by defecating on the advancing troops. The British vainly try to respond with cannons in the shape of clysters, medical devices used to administer enemas. The key below indicates the particular British figures, notably Charles James Fox and George III, being satirized.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Jacques Louis David</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="289">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="291">
                <text>French</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Army of Jugs</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9798">
                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/15/|&lt;span&gt;Collection de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 26 (pièces 4348-4477), Ancien Régime et Révolution&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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        <name>Sans-culottes</name>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Engraving</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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              <text>14 x 19.5 cm</text>
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          <name>Title (French)</name>
          <description>The image's title, in French.</description>
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              <text>Fin Tragique de Louis XVI</text>
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          <name>Sortable Date</name>
          <description/>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>As 80,000 crowded into the square to watch the execution of Louis XVI, they cannot have been unaware that the guillotine sat where a statue of Louis XV had been. Here Sanson, the executioner, snatches the detached head of Louis XVI to show to the crowd. He leans forward with approving eagerness. If the head of the King was the most recognizable old regime symbol, then the demise of that symbolic system becomes now complete. Waving on a pike, facing the King, is a Phrygian cap, now no longer placed on his head, as in other prints. In this way the engraver indicates a final severance of a complicated compromise.</text>
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                <text>Clausner</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Public Domain</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>German</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Tragic End of Louis XVI</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/16/|&lt;span&gt;de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 31 (pièces 5142-5251), Ancien Régime et Révolution&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>Démolition du Château de la Bastille</text>
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              <text>Commencé sous Charles V en 1339; achevé en 1383. Pris le 14 Juillet 1789, et démoli aussitôt après sa prise. Le Vendredi 17 Juillet 1789, jour à jamais mémorable par l’Auguste confiance de Louis XVI envers sa bonne ville de Paris. Mrs les Députés de la Noblesse du nombre desquels était Mr le Marquis de Lusignon[?] se transportèrent sur les Plattes-formes de la Bastille dont on avait déjà démoli les Créneaux des Tours, ainsi que les petites Cahutes qui donnaient sur les terrasses. Ces généreux Citoyens soulevèrent eux-mêmes plusieurs pierres et secondés par les Ouvriers, ils les jetèrent dans les décombres en invitant le Peuple Français à continuer la Démolition de cette horrible prison.</text>
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              <text>Begun under Charles V in 1339, completed in 1383. Seized July 14, 1789 and demolished immediately after its capture. Thursday, July 17, 1789, a day forever memorable through the wise confidence of Louis XVI toward his good city of Paris. The deputies from the nobility including the Marquis of Lusignon [?] went up to see the platforms of the Bastille from which workers have already demolished the battlements of the towers as well as the little huts that look out over the terraces. Generous citizens pull up some bricks and seconded by the workers, they throw them into the ruins, thus inviting the French people to continue the demolition of this horrible prison.</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Bibliothèque Nationale de France&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>This watercolor painting illustrates the "demolition" of what the text refers to as the "horrible prison" of the Bastille. As workmen tear down the spires on the roof, ordinary people rip stones off the base. These stones soon became collectors’ items, souvenirs of the people’s role in the outbreak of the Revolution—and symbols of the way in which many more people wanted to commemorate the event than had participated in it.</text>
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                <text>http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/17/|&lt;span&gt;Michel Hennin. &lt;em&gt;Estampes relatives à l'Histoire de France.&lt;/em&gt; Tome 119, Pièces 10386-10489, période : 1789&lt;/span&gt;|&lt;span&gt;de Vinck. &lt;em&gt;Un siècle d'histoire de France par l'estampe, 1770-1870&lt;/em&gt;. Vol. 10 (pièces 1571-1762), Ancien Régime et Révolution&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>This image presents an idealized version of Napoleon during the Directory, especially his intellectual contributions. In the upper right corner he appears before the Directory. Along the right bottom, Napoleon clearly confronts the Middle East, both its Egyptian Pyramids and Christian elements, as three wise men bow before him. To the left, Napoleon seems to be dealing with the three graces—brilliance, joy, and bloom. The image above may describe his induction into the Institute, organized to promote advanced study. The tent to the right is a small reminder of his military role.</text>
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